- rc.local
- .bashrc
- init.d tab
- systemd
- crontab
RC.LOCAL
Soạn thảo file text rc.local với quyền root
root@pi:~# nano /etc/rc.local
root@pi:~# command [params] [options] [&] [> /var/log/command-log.txt] [2>&1]Thêm & nếu muốn lệnh chạy thường trú. Chỉ định file loq nếu cần. Cuối cùng, có thể chặn output ra màn hình.
.BASHRC
Tên file có dấu . phía trước.
root@pi:~# nano /home/pi/.bashrcNếu file đã có rồi, chèn thêm lệnh vào cuối file
command [option] [&] [> /var/log/command-log.txt] [2>&1]THƯ MỤC INIT.D
Thư mục này chứa các script được thực thi trong quá trình boot /shutdown /reboot, được chỉ định trong phần init của script.
Thí dụ về script:
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: <NAME>
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $time $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Description: <DESCRIPTION>
### END INIT INFO
SCRIPT=<COMMAND>
RUNAS=<USERNAME>
PIDFILE=/var/run/<NAME>.pid
LOGFILE=/var/log/<NAME>.log
start() {
if [ -f /var/run/$PIDNAME ] && kill -0 $(cat /var/run/$PIDNAME); then
echo 'Service already running' >&2
return 1
fi
echo 'Starting service…' >&2
local CMD="$SCRIPT &> \"$LOGFILE\" & echo \$!"
su -c "$CMD" $RUNAS > "$PIDFILE"
echo 'Service started' >&2
}
stop() {
if [ ! -f "$PIDFILE" ] || ! kill -0 $(cat "$PIDFILE"); then
echo 'Service not running' >&2
return 1
fi
echo 'Stopping service…' >&2
kill -15 $(cat "$PIDFILE") && rm -f "$PIDFILE"
echo 'Service stopped' >&2
}
uninstall() {
echo -n "Are you really sure you want to uninstall this service? That cannot be undone. [yes|No] "
local SURE
read SURE
if [ "$SURE" = "yes" ]; then
stop
rm -f "$PIDFILE"
echo "Notice: log file is not be removed: '$LOGFILE'" >&2
update-rc.d -f <NAME> remove
rm -fv "$0"
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
uninstall)
uninstall
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|uninstall}"
esacTrong đó:
# $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME là tên script gợi ý của chúng ta. cp "service.sh" "/etc/init.d/$YOUR_SERVICE_NAME" chmod +x /etc/init.d/$YOUR_SERVICE_NAME
Sửa các từ khóa trong script:
<NAME>=$YOUR_SERVICE_NAME<DESCRIPTION>= Thuyết minh về script<COMMAND>= Lệnh khởi chạy OS<USER>= Lcript sẽ chạy khi login vào hệ thống với user này
Khởi động /test service:
service $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME start service $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME stop
Cài đặt service chạy khi khởi động:
root@pi:~# update-rc.d $YOUR_SERVICE_NAME defaults
Thí dụ khác
#!/bin/bash
#
# httpd Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve \
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd
# pidfile: /var/run/httpd.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/httpd ]; then
. /etc/sysconfig/httpd
fi
# Start httpd in the C locale by default.
HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}
# This will prevent initlog from swallowing up a pass-phrase prompt if
# mod_ssl needs a pass-phrase from the user.
INITLOG_ARGS=""
# Set HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in /etc/sysconfig/httpd to use a server
# with the thread-based "worker" MPM; BE WARNED that some modules may not
# work correctly with a thread-based MPM; notably PHP will refuse to start.
# Path to the apachectl script, server binary, and short-form for messages.
apachectl=/usr/sbin/apachectl
httpd=${HTTPD-/usr/sbin/httpd}
prog=httpd
pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}
lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}
RETVAL=0
# check for 1.3 configuration
check13 () {
CONFFILE=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
GONE="(ServerType|BindAddress|Port|AddModule|ClearModuleList|"
GONE="${GONE}AgentLog|RefererLog|RefererIgnore|FancyIndexing|"
GONE="${GONE}AccessConfig|ResourceConfig)"
if LANG=C grep -Eiq "^[[:space:]]*($GONE)" $CONFFILE; then
echo
echo 1>&2 " Apache 1.3 configuration directives found"
echo 1>&2 " please read /usr/share/doc/httpd-2.2.3/migration.html"
failure "Apache 1.3 config directives test"
echo
exit 1
fi
}
# The semantics of these two functions differ from the way apachectl does
# things -- attempting to start while running is a failure, and shutdown
# when not running is also a failure. So we just do it the way init scripts
# are expected to behave here.
start() {
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
check13 || exit 1
LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch ${lockfile}
return $RETVAL
}
# When stopping httpd a delay of >10 second is required before SIGKILLing the
# httpd parent; this gives enough time for the httpd parent to SIGKILL any
# errant children.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} -d 10 $httpd
RETVAL=$?
echo
[ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}
}
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
if ! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null; then
RETVAL=$?
echo $"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"
failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"
else
killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP
RETVAL=$?
fi
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status -p ${pidfile} $httpd
RETVAL=$?
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
restart)
if [ -f ${pidfile} ] ; then
stop
start
fi
;;
reload)
reload
;;
graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)
$apachectl $@
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVALSYSTEMD
systemd cung cấp một qui trình chuẩn để kiểm soát ứng dụng nào chạy khi OS Linux khởi động, chỉ áp dụng từ Debian Jessie trở đi.
root@pi:~# nano /lib/systemd/system/sample.service
[Unit]
Description=My Sample Service
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
Type=idle
ExecStart=Command [params] [options]
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetroot@pi:~# chmod 644 /lib/systemd/system/sample.service
root@pi:~# systemctl daemon-reload
root@pi:~# systemctl enable sample.serviceCRONTAB
root@pi:~# crontab -e
@reboot Command [params] [options]